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Shark Liver Oil
Shark liver oil as a supporting therapy in atopic dermatitis
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007 Apr;22(130):312-3.
Nowicki R, Barańska-Rybak W.
Akademia Medyczna w Gdańsku, Klinika Dermatologii, Wenerologii i Alergologii. mowicki@amg.gda.pl
Shark liver oils are the source of alkylglycerols and squalene but contain relatively low amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (EFA). They are modulators of immunity to infections and cancers. Their protective action from bacterial and fungal infections indicates that they should be recommended in the patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Those patients because of xerosis and disturbances of skin barrier are susceptible for that kind of infections.
Health properties of shark oil
Szostak WB, Szostak-Wegierek D. Przegl Lek. 2006;63(4):223-6.
Zakład Profilaktyki Chorób, Zywieniowozaleznych z Poradnia Chorób Metabolicznych, Instytut Zywności i Zywienia w Warszawie.
Fish oils are the source of nutrients important for health maintenance. The most significant are essential fatty acids (EFA) of n-3 family, alkylglycerols and squalene. N-3 EFA are of great importance in atherosclerosis prevention. Alkylglycerols and squalene are modulators of immunity to infections and cancer. Shark liver oil contains great amounts of alkylglycerols and squalene, and moderate of n-3 EFA. Therefore, it is used as an adjunctive agent in cancer therapy, especially in radiotherapy, and in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Biological action and clinical application of shark liver oil
Lewkowicz N, Lewkowicz P, Kurnatowska A, Tchórzewski H.
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi, Zakład Periodontologii i Chorób Błony Sluzowej Jamy Ustnej. natalewk@wp.pl Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 May;20(119):598-601.Links
Fish oils contain several active compounds that modify cell activity and influence various functions of the body. Shark liver oils are rich in alkylglycerols and squalene, but contain relatively low amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Alkylglycerols may control immune response possibly throw modification of platelet activating factor (PAF) and diacylglycerol (DAG) production. Squalene enhances antigen presentation and induction of inflammatory response. Moreover, alkylglycerols and squalene have antitumour activity, that is possibly based on different mechanisms, ie., induction of apoptosis of neoplastic cells, suppression of signal transduction, inhibition of angiogenesis and promoting of transmembrane transport of cytotoxic agents. Shark liver oil has been found to be useful in treatment of conditions resulted from inadequate immune response, and in adjunctive treatment of several types of cancer.
Natural alkylglycerols restrain growth and metastasis of grafted tumors in mice.
Nutr Cancer. 2004;48(1):64-9
Pedrono F, Martin B, Leduc C, Le Lan J, Saïag B, Legrand P, Moulinoux JP, Legrand AB.
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rennes, France.
Alkylglycerols are natural etherlipids abundant in shark liver oil (SLO) in a diacylated form. SLO is known to have antitumor properties and was recently described as an inhibitor of tumor neovascularization. However, most studies did not discriminate between the respective activities of alkylglycerols and of fatty acids, which both have potent biological properties. In this work, a mouse model was used to investigate the antitumor effects of SLO and of alkylglycerols purified from the same source, both administered orally. We demonstrated that either pure alkylglycerols or SLO reduced the tumor growth in a similar manner, suggesting that alkylglycerols were involved in this effect. In alkylglycerol-treated mice, metastasis dissemination was reduced by 64 +/- 8%, whereas SLO effect was 30 +/- 9% below control. Purified alkylglycerols also decreased significantly plasmalogen content in tumors, whereas SLO had no such effect. Finally, we demonstrated that a 5-day treatment with alkylglycerols curtailed the presence in tumors of von Willebrand factor, a marker of endothelial cells. This result suggested an anti-angiogenic effect of alkylglycerols. In summary, alkylglycerols were shown to decrease the growth, vascularization, and dissemination of Lewis lung carcinoma tumors in mice. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of SLO is likely mediated by the presence of alkylglycerols. Copyright 2004 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Shark oil pneumonia. An overlooked entity.
Asnis DS, Saltzman HP, Melchert A. Chest. 1993 Mar;103(3):976-7. Links
Department of Internal Medicine, Flushing Hospital and Medical Center, NY 11355.
Nonprescription drugs are often believed to be innocuous. We present a case of lipoid pneumonia from ingestion of squalene, a derivative of shark liver oil, a popular over-the-counter Asian folk remedy.
Some biological actions of alkylglycerols from shark liver oil.
Pugliese PT, Jordan K, Cederberg H, Brohult J. Karolinska Institute (Soderjukhuset), Stockholm, Sweden. J Altern Complement Med. 1998 Spring;4(1):87-99.
Shark liver oil has been used for over 40 years as both a therapeutic and preventive agent. The active ingredients in shark liver oil have been found to be a group of ether-linked glycerols known as alkylglycerols. Initial clinical use was for treating leukemias, and later to prevent radiation sickness from cancer x-ray therapy. Studies over the last 30 years have shown that alkylglycerols are multifunctional. The level of natural alkylglycerols rises within tumor cells, apparently in an effort to control cell growth. Recent studies indicate that the activation of protein kinase C, an essential step in cell proliferation, can be inhibited by alkylglycerols. This action suggests a competitive inhibition of 1.2-diacylglycerol by alkylglycerols. Further studies on the immunostimulatory action of alkylglycerols suggest a primary action on the macrophage. The process of macrophage activation has been demonstrated with both synthetic and natural alkylglycerols. While the exact mechanism has not been found, both an autocrine and paracrine system have been suggested. Shark liver is a major natural source of alkylglycerols, which have no known side effects in dosages of 100 mg three times a day. The information presented in this article suggests that alkylglycerols may be used both as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of neoplastic disorders and as an immune booster in infectious diseases.
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